Projected Dose Optimization of Amino- and Hydroxypyrrolidine Purine PI3Kδ Immunomodulators

J Med Chem. 2021 Apr 22;64(8):5137-5156. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00237. Epub 2021 Apr 2.

Abstract

The approvals of idelalisib and duvelisib have validated PI3Kδ inhibitors for the treatment for hematological malignancies driven by the PI3K/AKT pathway. Our program led to the identification of structurally distinct heterocycloalkyl purine inhibitors with excellent isoform and kinome selectivity; however, they had high projected human doses. Improved ligand contacts gave potency enhancements, while replacement of metabolic liabilities led to extended half-lives in preclinical species, affording PI3Kδ inhibitors with low once-daily predicted human doses. Treatment of C57BL/6-Foxp3-GDL reporter mice with 30 and 100 mg/kg/day of 3c (MSD-496486311) led to a 70% reduction in Foxp3-expressing regulatory T cells as observed through bioluminescence imaging with luciferin, consistent with the role of PI3K/AKT signaling in Treg cell proliferation. As a model for allergic rhinitis and asthma, treatment of ovalbumin-challenged Brown Norway rats with 0.3 to 30 mg/kg/day of 3c gave a dose-dependent reduction in pulmonary bronchoalveolar lavage inflammation eosinophil cell count.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antigens, CD / metabolism
  • Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte / metabolism
  • B-Lymphocytes / cytology
  • B-Lymphocytes / drug effects
  • B-Lymphocytes / metabolism
  • Binding Sites
  • Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / chemistry*
  • Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / metabolism
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Dogs
  • Half-Life
  • Humans
  • Immunologic Factors / chemistry*
  • Immunologic Factors / metabolism
  • Immunologic Factors / pharmacology
  • Immunologic Factors / therapeutic use
  • Lectins, C-Type / metabolism
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Molecular Dynamics Simulation
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / metabolism
  • Pyrrolidines / chemistry*
  • Pyrrolidines / metabolism
  • Pyrrolidines / pharmacology
  • Pyrrolidines / therapeutic use
  • Rats
  • Rats, Wistar
  • Rhinitis, Allergic / drug therapy
  • Signal Transduction / drug effects
  • Structure-Activity Relationship

Substances

  • Antigens, CD
  • Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte
  • CD69 antigen
  • Immunologic Factors
  • Lectins, C-Type
  • Pyrrolidines
  • Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
  • PIK3CD protein, human
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
  • pyrrolidine